Discrete Probability: Involves a random variable that can only take on a finite or countable number of values
Continuous Probability: Involves a random variable that can take on any value within a given range
Prior Probability: An initial probability assigned to an event before any new information is obtained
Posterior Probability: The updated probability of an event after incorporating new evidence
Linear Algebra
Linear Algebra: Linear Algebra is the study of vectors and certain rules to manipulate vectors.
Dot Product: Dot product or inner product is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers and returns a single number.
Unit Vector: Vector with a length of 1.
Matrix: With m,n ∈ ℕ , a real-valued (m,n) matrix A is a m x n-tuple of elements which is ordered according to a rectangle scheme consisting of m rows and n columns.
Diagonal Matrix: In Rn×n the diagonal matrix is defined as a nxn matrix containing numbers on the diagonal and 0 elsewhere.
Triangular Matrix: A triangular matrix is a square matrix with all entries either above or below the main diagonal being zero
Identity Matrix: In Rn×n the identity matrix is defined as a nxn matrix containing 1 on the diagonal and 0 elsewhere.
Symmetric Matrix: A matrix where the elements are mirrored around the diagonal.
Gaussian Elimination: Performing elementary transformation to bring a system of linear equations into reduced row-echelon form.
Span: Span of a space is defined as all possible linear combinations of all the vectors in that space.
